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Kapellendorf est situé à peu près au milieu du triangle formé par les villes d'Apolda, Iéna et Weimar, à environ 11 km de chacune d'entre elles. Le village est important à plus d'un titre : il a joué un rôle important dans l'histoire de la Thuringe à différentes époques, notamment dans l'histoire de l'habitat grâce à sa "construction en gradins". Il est connu loin à la ronde grâce à son château fort entouré d'eau. Kapellendorf est mentionné dans les plus anciens documents. Vers 875, les "comtes de Capeldorf" sont mentionnés. D'autres preuves documentaires ne réapparaissent qu'au 12e siècle. Au milieu de cette période, les seigneurs ou comtes de Kapellendorf sont élevés au rang de "burgraves de Kirchberg" et comptent presque parmi les premières familles de Thuringe. En 1235, ils fondent à Kapellendorf un couvent de religieuses cisterciennes et le dotent de riches propriétés foncières. Plus tard, la ville d'Erfurt acquit le château et le droit de battre monnaie. En 1806, le château fut le siège d'une partie du quartier général prussien avant et pendant la bataille d'Iéna et d'Auerstedt. Goethe et Schiller ainsi que la plupart des personnes importantes de la cour de Weimar séjournèrent souvent au château. Un autre trésor du village est l'église, autrefois un couvent, puis une église de village après la guerre des paysans, qui se distingue de toutes les églises de village des environs par son architecture et sa décoration.

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Kapellendorf is located roughly in the middle of the city triangle of Apolda, Jena and Weimar, about 11 km from each of these cities. The village is significant in several respects: it played an outstanding role in the history of Thuringia at various times, in terms of settlement history due to its "staggered structure". It is widely known for its moated castle. Capeldorf Kapellendorf is mentioned in the oldest documents. The "Counts of Capeldorf" are mentioned around 875. Further documentary evidence does not appear until the 12th century. In the middle of this period, the Lords or Counts of Kapellendorf were elevated to "Burgraves of Kirchberg" and were almost among the first dynasties in Thuringia. In 1235, they founded a Cistercian nunnery in Kapellendorf and endowed it with rich real estate. The city of Erfurt later acquired the castle and with it the right to mint coins. In 1806, the castle was the seat of part of the Prussian headquarters before and during the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt. Goethe and Schiller and most of the important people of the Weimar court often stayed at the castle. Another treasure of the village is the church, formerly a monastery and after the Peasants' War a village church, which stands out from all the village churches in the surrounding area in terms of its architecture and furnishings.

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Kapellendorf liegt ungefähr in der Mitte des Städtedreiecks Apolda, Jena, Weimar und von diesen Städten jeweils ca. 11 km entfernt. Der Ort ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht ein bedeutungsvoller: In der Historie Thüringens spielte er zu verschiedenen Zeiten eine hervorragende Rolle, siedlungsgeschichtlich durch seinen „Staffelaufbau“. Durch seine Wasserburg ist er weithin bekannt. Capeldorf wird Kapellendorf in den ältesten Urkunden genannt. Um 875 werden die „Grafen von Capeldorf“ erwähnt. Weitere urkundliche Belege tauchen erst wieder im 12. Jahrhundert auf. In dessen Mitte werden die Herren bzw. Grafen von Kapellendorf zu „Burggrafen von Kirchberg“ erhoben und gehörten fast zu den ersten Geschlechtern Thüringens. Im Jahre 1235 gründeten sie in Kapellendorf ein Zisterzienser Nonnenkloster und statteten es mit reichen Grundbesitz aus. Später erwarb die Stadt Erfurt die Burg und damit zugleich das Münzrecht. 1806 war die Burg Sitz eines Teiles des preußischen Hauptquartiers vor und während der Schlacht von Jena und Auerstedt. Goethe und Schiller und die meisten der bedeutenden Personen des Weimarischen Hofes weilten oft auf der Burg. Eine weitere Kostbarkeit des Dorfes ist die Kirche, ehedem Kloster, nach dem Bauernkrieg Dorfkirche; die architektonisch und ausstattungsmäßig sich von allen Dorfkirchen im weiten Umkreis abhebt.

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